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Nasal and olfactory effects of satratoxin G measured in rhesus monkeys
In a primate model, single high-dose and repeated low-dose intranasal satratoxin G were reported to produce rhinitis and loss of olfactory sensory neurons.
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Last reviewed August 30, 2026.
What they studied
- Rhesus macaques given intranasal satratoxin G, a trichothecene produced by Stachybotrys chartarum.
- Both a single high-dose regimen and a repeated low-dose regimen.
- Histopathology of the nasal airways and olfactory epithelium.
What they found
- The authors reported rhinitis in both dosing regimens.
- Atrophy of the olfactory epithelium and apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons were reported.
- Repeated low-dose exposure was reported to produce effects comparable to the single high dose.
What this study does not establish
- An experimental animal study using purified toxin instilled intranasally.
- Doses were selected experimentally and do not correspond to measured building air concentrations.
- No human exposure or outcome was measured.
- This entry reports the study. It is not a statement about any building Sage Co. designs or constructs.
Source
Carey SA, Plopper CG, Hyde DM, Islam Z, Pestka JJ, Harkema JR (2012). Satratoxin-G from the black mold Stachybotrys chartarum induces rhinitis and apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal airways of rhesus monkeys. Toxicologic Pathology 40(6):887–898.
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